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Venus Probe/Year/Probe Name/Country/Mission or Achievement:

1990 / Magellan / USA / Gravity data collected

2005/Venus Express/Europe/Monitoring the clouds, atmospheric circulation and magnetic field of Venus

Astronomical Phenomena: Transit

Because Mercury and Venus are "inner planets" located within the Earth's orbit around the sun.

Therefore, when Venus travels between the sun and the earth, we can see a small black spot slowly passing through the surface of the sun. This celestial phenomenon is called "Venus transit".

In astronomy, two "transit of Venus" phenomena with the shortest time interval are often grouped into a group.

The regularity of this phenomenon is usually 8 years, 121.5 years, 8 years, 105.5 years, and so on.

According to astronomers' calculations, the time of this group of Venus transits is June 8, 2004 and June 6, 2012.

This is mainly because after Venus revolves around the sun 13 times, it happens to be close to the earth, which revolves around the sun 8 times, and is between the earth and the sun. This period of time is equivalent to 8 years on the earth.

In the 17th century AD, the famous British astronomer Halley once proposed that during the transit of Venus, the time required for Venus to cross the surface of the sun was measured at two different locations on the earth at the same time, and the parallax of the sun could be calculated from this. distance.

It is a pity that Harley himself lived 86 years old and never encountered a "Venus transit".

After Halley proposed his observation method, there have been 4 transits of Venus, each of which has received great attention from scientists.

They traveled thousands of miles to the best observation sites and made some major discoveries.

On May 26, 1761, during the transit of Venus, the Russian astronomer Lomonosov discovered the atmosphere of Venus in one fell swoop.

In the 19th century, astronomers collected a large amount of data through the transit of Venus, and successfully measured the distance between the sun and the earth 149.6 million kilometers (called an astronomical unit).

Today's astronomers are much luckier than Halley, and can use many advanced scientific methods to further study the Earth's neighbor, Venus!

People can clearly see the circular outline of Venus with a telescope with a magnification of more than 10 times, and a telescope with a magnification of about 40 to 100 times has the best observation effect.

Although it is not very difficult to observe this "Venus Transit", astronomy experts remind that when viewing, you must not observe directly with the naked eye, ordinary telescopes or cameras, but wear appropriate filters and at the same time The observation time should not be too long, so as not to burn the eyes by the strong sunlight.

Venus transit observation guide:

Although the transit of Venus may be seen with the naked eye, the effect is not always very good.

If you have a telescope -- whether it's a small viewing telescope or an astronomical one -- you can get better results.

The circular outline of Venus can be clearly seen at a magnification of more than 10 times, and the best observation is about 40 to 100 times.

If the weather is good, you can also see the halo refracted by the thick atmosphere of Venus, which is particularly spectacular.

If there are many sunspots on the sun that day, there may also be a phenomenon of Venus occulting sunspots, making the transit process more interesting.

Formal transit observations require tracing, so choose an astronomical telescope with a projection screen.

A telescope with an equatorial mount and an electric heel will make long-term observations easier.

In most parts of our country, the transit mostly starts around 13:00.

Therefore, friends who want to observe should be ready before noon to ensure that the activities are carried out in an orderly manner. The following is a brief description of the projection method of the equatorial telescope.

Before entering Ling, the watch should be aligned as accurately as possible, the polar axis should be adjusted as much as possible, the east-west line should be drawn (or the observation paper should be adjusted), and the visible sunspots on the sun should be drawn on the observation paper. .

When tracing, be careful not to press your hands on the screen or your head to touch the screen, try to keep the screen stable and increase the accuracy.

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Chapter 229 Teaser of the spear piercing the thorns of death