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Chapter 042 Overview of Luoyang History

In addition, Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei built a hundred-foot building in the northwest corner of Luoyang City.

Cao Wei thickened the northern city wall of the old city of the Eastern Han Dynasty to about 30 meters, and added horses to the northern section of the western city wall and outside the northern city wall, and rebuilt the Taixia Gate. The intention was to strengthen the defense of the palace city.

The formation of a complete protection system such as high platforms, city walls, horse faces, and moats in the city marks its maturity.

Since then, we can summarize the history of Luoyang.

From the first year of King Wu of Zhou to 1046 BC, after the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to control the eastern region, he began to build the capital in Luoyang.

The Yin stubborn people were moved to Chengzhou and supervised by the Eighth Division of Chengzhou.

From the first year of King Zhou Ping to 770 BC, King Zhou Ping moved eastward to Luoyi, which was called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

In the first year of King Qinzhuangxiang of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty - 249 BC -, the Qin State established Sanchuan County in Luoyang, and the county became Zhoucheng.

From the third year to the 25th year of the Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu made Luoyang as the capital and changed Luoyang to Luoyang.

From the first year of Ping in the early Han Dynasty to 190 years, Dong Zhuo coerced Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty to move the capital to Chang'an, burning Luoyang palaces, temples and other people's houses, and the prosperous Luoyang city was completely destroyed.

From the first year of Wei Yankang to 220 years, Emperor Wen of Wei Cao Pi set the capital Luoyang, changed Luoyang to Luoyang, and set up the Department of Li Xiaowei.

From the first year of Taishi to 265 in the Western Jin Dynasty, Luoyang was still the capital of the Wei Dynasty in the Western Jin Dynasty.

Five years before Zhao Yongjia - 311 years, Liu Cong led his army into Luoyang and burned the city.

From the second year of Taiyan to 436, the Northern Wei Dynasty established Luozhou in Luoyang.

From the eighteenth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty to 494, Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang.

From the 19th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty to 495, the Luoyang City of the Northern Wei Dynasty started a large-scale construction, including the palace city, the inner city and the outer Guocheng.

From the third year of Yongxi in the Northern Wei Dynasty to 534, the Northern Wei Dynasty was destroyed, and Luoyang City was reduced to ruins.

Overview:

In the hundreds of years when the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei, Western Jin Dynasty and Northern Wei Dynasty successively set the tripod, the ancient city of Luoyang in the Han and Wei Dynasties has undergone two major changes in the development process.

First, during the Wei Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms, Luoyang Guan was built, and a small city with the nature of a palace, Jin Yongcheng, was built in the northwest corner of the big city.

The second is the construction of Waiguo City and the building of Fang 320 in the time of Emperor Xuanwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

These two constructions, especially the latter, not only have great significance in the history of Chinese capital construction, but also established the scale of the ancient city of Luoyang in the Han and Wei Dynasties today: it is divided into the three-layered city circle of the palace city, the inner city and the outer Guocheng.

According to modern archaeological measurements, Luoyang at that time covered an area of ​​100 square kilometers and was the largest capital in the world at that time.

In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Xiaowen (Hong), Emperor Xuanwu (Ge), Emperor Xiaoming (Xu), Emperor Xiaozhuang (Ziyou), Emperor Jiemin (Gong), Emperor Xiaowu (Xiu), took Luoyang as the capital for a total of 42 years.

After that, when Emperor Xuan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, he transferred troops to overhaul Luoyang Palace and made 40,000 permanent staff.

The six palaces of Yecheng were moved to Luoyang, and the Taixue Shijing, which was originally moved to Ye, was moved back to Luoyang.

According to the "Book of Zhou Xuandi Ji", "its scale is magnificent, far surpassing that of Han and Wei."

However, due to the short time, it was not completed.

When the Sui Dynasty unified the whole country, the city of Luoyang in the Han and Wei Dynasties, which had been abandoned due to the demise of the Northern Wei Dynasty, was dilapidated.

The existing Guocheng outside Luoyang City in the Han and Wei Dynasties is a rectangle, and the southern city wall was washed away by the water due to the movement of Luohe River. The north, east and west city walls are well preserved.

Some sections are about 5 to 7 meters above the ground.

Including Jinyong City in the northwest corner, the north wall is about 3,700 meters long and 25-30 meters wide; the west wall is about 4,290 meters long and 20 meters wide; the east wall is about 3,895 meters long and 14 meters wide.

The city has a circumference of 14 kilometers.

The city wall was built in rammed earth, and there are particularly traces of stick eyes. In some of the city walls, there are also piers protruding out of the city, 4 in the northern section of the west wall and 3 in the eastern section of the north wall.

The distance between the piers and abutments is 110 to 120 meters, similar to the "horse face" built by the city walls in later generations.

Moat remains were found on the outside of the city walls.

The Waiguo City in the Northern Wei Dynasty was completely destroyed, and there are a few fragments of the rammed earth wall in the Nanguo City.

Changhe Gate is the main gate of the palace city of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The gate site is located at the northern end of Tongtuo Street, the central axis of Luoyang City in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

The structure of the city gate is complex. The east and west towers are built in front of the two sides of the city gate, which are symmetrical from east to west. The distance between the two towers is more than 40 meters, and the two towers are 19 meters long and 6 meters wide.

There are three doorways juxtaposed between the east and west towers. The doorways are 4.8 meters wide and 8.6 to 8.8 meters deep.

Changhe Gate is majestic and magnificent. It is a palace-style building with seven rooms and three doorways.

This is the earliest palace gate gate that has been excavated so far, and it opened the precedent for the Yingtian Gate, the main gate of Luoyang Palace City in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and even the front double gate of the Meridian Gate of the Forbidden City.

The shape, structure and construction technology of the gate and gate will undoubtedly have important academic value for the study of the unique gate system in ancient China.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the main palaces in the city were the South Palace and the North Palace. Cao Wei and Western Jin did not change much.

In the Northern Wei Dynasty, a separate palace city was established. The palace city of the Northern Wei Dynasty is located in the north-central part of the city. It is 1398 meters long from north to south and 660 meters wide from east to west, accounting for about one-tenth of the total area of ​​the city. It is the most important central building area.

The city gates on the south, east and west sides of the palace city have been found. The south gate is also called Changhe Gate. The entrance of the gate is about 46 meters wide. On both sides of the gate, there are thick rammed earth towers, which are majestic in shape.

The East Gate Cloud Dragon Gate is opposite to the West Gate Shenhu Gate.

There is a large rammed earth platform in the west of the palace city, which is 100 meters long from east to west, 60 meters wide from north to south, and about 4 meters above the ground. It should be the site of the Taiji Temple in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

More than 20 rammed earth platform foundations were also found in other parts of the palace city~www.wuxiamtl.com~ are also remains of the palace.

The Jinyongcheng site is located in the northwest corner of the inner city of Luoyang, the ancient city of the Han and Wei Dynasties, in the northeast area of ​​today's Zhaiquan Village, Mengjin County.

A total of three small cities are connected together. From north to south, they are A, B, and C. The plane is slightly "mu" shaped, about 1048 meters long from north to south, 255 meters wide from east to west, and has a total area of ​​about 260,000 square meters. .

According to archaeological excavations, the three small cities of Jinyong City, A, B, and C, were formed by building additions in different periods. They were built by Emperor Cao Wei and Ming emperor. They are the commanding heights of the whole city in terms of defense. They are easy to defend and difficult to attack, and their military role is very obvious.

After that, it was more used as a place where emperors who were abolished, abandoned concubines and concubines were imprisoned, or where emperors temporarily lived in the palace.

Yongning Temple Pagoda is located in the ancient city of Luoyang in the Han and Wei Dynasties. The temple site is only one mile away from the Qianmen Gate of the Palace City in the north and Tongtuo Street, the central axis of Luoyang City, in the east.

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The landmark building in the temple is the nine-story Yongning Temple Pagoda.

In the first year of Xiping in the Northern Wei Dynasty (516 years), Emperor Xiaoming, who was only 6 years old, ascended the throne.

In the frenzy of princes and nobles competing to worship Buddha at that time, she initiated the creation of Yongning Temple, a royal temple.

The Taixue site is divided into two parts, east and west, with an area of ​​more than 30,000 square meters in the east and about 20,000 square meters in the west.

......

To be continued

Chapter 043 Announcement of the beginning of the stone scriptures