Spoiling History: Starting from the Three Kingdoms

Zhao Kuangyin felt that his advice to his brother was not insincere.

Maybe it sounded threatening to my younger brother.

But after all, good advice hurts the ears but helps the deeds. Zhao Kuangyin felt that his younger brother could still understand his good intentions.

Although from Zhao Pu's point of view, he could only see the face of King Jin that lost all color and turned pale in an instant.

Well, there was also the slight trembling, shaking body like chaff.

However, the younger generation brought up the old things again, which made Zhao Kuangyin a little less confident:

Could it be that a donkey-cart can really be faster than a horse-drawn carriage?

You should give it a try.

[At this point, we have almost talked about the theme of this issue.

But in the end, UP still wanted to say something extra about Song Huizong.

This is a famous king who died in the Song Dynasty, but it was also he who initiated the Chongning Xue Xue, which pushed the literary governance of the Northern Song Dynasty to a new historical peak.

Since ancient times, the word culture has meant civilized education, which shows the importance of education.

Since the beginning of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Da himself said that it is necessary to be a scholar.

Zhao Er launched a large-scale imperial examination, and the number of people admitted, awards and honors, official positions, and promotion speed were all far higher than when Zhao Da was emperor.

At the same time, Zhao Er also ordered the school to be renovated and personally named it Chongwen Academy to collect books from all over the world, so that it would be convenient for Chongwen Academy to compile a series of books.

These means of directly benefiting readers are simple and crude, but they are also very useful.

Until the time of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, all the officials from the central prime minister to the local governors and army officers were scholars.

However, as time went by, knowledgeable people soon discovered that the imperial examination was only about selecting talents, not cultivating talents.

In the spring of the fourth year of Qingli, Fan Zhongyan wrote an essay for the rebuilt Yueyang Tower at the request of his friend Teng Zijing, and thus the ever-famous Yueyang Tower was born.

In the prose, Fan Zhongyan expressed his feelings about his family and country and his political ideals, and then made up his mind to start the Qingli Xingxue reform of education with the support of Renzong.

In addition to establishing local official schools and reforming the imperial examinations, Fan Zhongyan's greatest influence on later generations during this reform was the introduction of Suhu teaching methods into Taixue.

The Suhu teaching method was pioneered by Hu Yuan, which divided the school into two classes, namely the Jingyi Zhai, which emphasizes Confucianism, and the Zhishi Zhai, which requires one to study one major and one master from among subjects such as military administration, civil administration, water conservancy, and arithmetic. fast.

At first glance, this teaching method looks a bit like the division of arts and sciences, and this is also the world's earliest divided teaching and major-minor system, which is quite advanced.

In addition, Song Renzong also introduced the brushing class period system at Fan Zhongyan's suggestion, which stipulated that scholars must have been in school for three hundred days before they could participate in the imperial examination.

When he arrived at Shenzong, Wang Anshi, who was determined to reform, felt that there were too few useful talents. With the support of Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi presided over the Xining Xuexue and thus began.

Wang Anshi's Xining Xue Xue can probably be seen as a supplement and improvement of Fan Zhongyan Qingli Xue Xue.

For example, a very commendable point of Qingli's establishment of the school is that it has relaxed the admission requirements. As long as they are not convicted of adultery and have been punished for their crimes, they can basically enter the school, and provide assistance to poor children. Being an official can change your destiny.

Wang Anshi felt that it was not a problem to always rely on central government funding, so he might as well install academic officials in local official academic fields to provide material security for schools and students.

In view of the dilemma of insufficient professional talents, Wang Anshi demanded that martial arts, law, medicine, etc. be independently established to cultivate specialized talents.

The most important thing is to reform Taixue and implement the three sacrifices method.

The disciples of Taixue are divided into three grades: inner house and upper house. The upper house can be directly appointed as an official, the inner house can be exempted from the examination of the Ministry of Rites, and the outer house can be exempted from the local state government examination. And among the three houses, you can be promoted through examinations.

It can be said that the progressive relationship between the educational reforms in the Song Dynasty is quite clear, and the impact on educational development is also quite clear.

However, for the Song Dynasty at that time, local official studies had a more important meaning, which was to stabilize local rule.

Because if you want to become an official, you must pass the imperial examination, and if you want to participate in the imperial examination, you must first enter school. The central government can successfully convey its decrees to local governments through educational institutions.

Children from poor families who were prone to become unstable factors in the local area were able to participate in the imperial examinations through the support of local official schools, and eventually became members of the feudal ruling group.

According to Mr. Chen Yiyan's statistics, among the 1,953 people whose family backgrounds can be tested in the history of the Song Dynasty, the proportion of civilians who entered the officialdom was astonishingly high at 55.2%. Among all dynasties, only the Ming Dynasty's 49.5% could compare.

Reading can change your destiny. In a sense, it was quite easy to achieve in the Northern Song Dynasty. 】

Zhao Kuangyin and Zhao Pu listened to Guangmu's narration and did not want to miss a word.

Although they don't understand education very well, they can still understand words such as cultural governance and new peaks in history.

Zhao Pu even whispered to the officials to discuss:

If you say so, doesn't it mean that since the Song Dynasty began, all the great achievements in cultural governance have been shown to me, so that I can adopt them?

Zhao Kuangyin was silent, mainly because he didn't fully understand what Zhao Pu said.

But soon, a piece of neatly written prose was reflected on the light screen, giving Zhao Kuangyin an intuitive understanding of this great achievement in martial arts.

There are only a few strokes in Fan Zhongyan's article, and the grandeur of Baling Dongting and the scenery of the distant mountains and Yangtze River are all vividly displayed on the page.

As the scenery and weather changed in light and dark, Zhao Kuangyin felt that he could also feel the contradictory and sad mood of this later Song Dynasty official. He originally thought it was another sad poem about spring and autumn, but at the end it suddenly became exciting.

Although it is not as spectacular as the later Qinyuanchun, its transcendent meaning is more moving, because Zhao Pu has already read out excitedly:

Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself, worry about the people first, and enjoy the people later.

If all the officials of the Song Dynasty were like this, why would they only enjoy the one hundred and sixty-seven years of the reign of Zuo?

Although Li'er was such a reasonable person, Zhao Kuangyin still stopped him and said:

Zeping, I have known for more than 160 years, please don't say anything more.

Zhao Guangyi on the side came over with a shy face:

Brother, there are virtuous ministers in the Song Dynasty who are like this, which can be congratulated for their contribution to civil governance.

Zhao Kuangyin saw through his brother's idea of ​​showing off his merits at a glance, and immediately smiled and said:

If I hadn't started the Song Dynasty, why would there be such a fine work by a wise minister? I should congratulate him.

Zhao Guangyi was so embarrassed that he couldn't say a single word.

Too lazy to give his brother any attention, Zhao Kuangyin raised his head and looked at the words floating on the light screen.

〖Zhuge Liang: Now I see that the virtuous ministers of the Song Dynasty have good methods and can be praised only if they teach them well.

Li Shimin: What Marquis Wu said is very good and beautiful! !

Zhang Fei: Hey, foreign enemies are all sitting here studying, how can a school become a famous general?

Yuchi Gong: To be a general, you have to go to dangerous places. How can there be a brave general who can sit in high places? 〗

In Han Chang'an, Liu Bei touched his chin, looked at Kong Ming and then at the light screen, a little suspicious:

Why is Li Erfeng so enthusiastic about Kong Ming?

Every time they are in harmony, they always say the honorific title of Marquis Wu.

Could it be that Kong Ming is a branch of Li Erfeng's ancestor?

However, Liu Bei thought about it and rejected this conjecture. After all, it was made clear by later generations that the ancestor of Li Tang's shameless posthumous name was Li Guang, who was from Tianshui, Longxi, two states away from the Zhuge family in Langya Yangdu. County, what does it have to do with it?

If you don't understand, then don't think about it for the time being. He shakes his head and Liu Bei feels sorry for Fan Zhongyan:

Fan Zhongyan's sincerity is comparable to that of Kong Ming. He hates that he cannot be worshiped as a military advisor to calm the people after a thousand years.

Pang Tong laughed loudly, nodded to Kong Ming, Lu Sufa and others beside him and said:

My lord has already assisted us in his great cause, and we also have Xu Yuanzhi assisting us in Jingzhou, but we still feel that it is not enough?

Liu Bei smiled humorously:

The Marquis of Huaiyin said that it would be better to have more soldiers, and if we want to bring peace to the people, it would also be better to have more like-minded people.

After hearing this, Pang Tong also praised him for his kindness.

Kong Ming read it again after transcribing Guangmu's two studies, then handed it to Lu Su for his reading, and then said excitedly to Liu Bei:

Although we are not as wealthy as those in the Northern Song Dynasty, we can still change the Imperial Academy based on this. Even if we have to use a few things, we can still call it benevolent government.

When it came to serious matters, Liu Bei was a little more serious. He thought about it and nodded slowly:

The current situation in Guanzhong, as Fan Zhongyan said, is a wasteland waiting to be revitalized.

The education policy of the Song Dynasty coincides with what we have thought before. We should set up a craftsman's school to teach the methods of various crafts and supplement arithmetic, so that we can acquire a skill and enrich our family.

As far as Liu Bei knew, after returning to Jiangdong last year, he went back and forth to Jiangling many times, and finally made a temporary truce with Jingzhou. As a price, Jiangling merchant ships could travel down the river unimpeded.

Red sugar, snow sugar, and Shu brocade embroidery from Yizhou were all transported to Jiangdong through Jiangling. Some of them went to the hands of Jiangdong surnames and were exchanged for wealth, but more of them were put on small boats and moved north along the river through Ruxukou to be transported to the north. Earn huge amounts of money.

Mi Zhu privately said that it was a common thing for Ru Yinghao to exchange grain from the fields for produce from Yizhou.

After all, the Shu brocade can be put aside for the time being and cut when needed, but no one can refuse the sucrose once they have tasted it, especially snow sugar, which has always been in short supply in the North.

Mi Zhu even heard rumors that a nobleman of the Cao family paid huge sums of money to buy snow candy. Based on what Guangmian knew, it was probably the Sugarcane Sword Master Wei Wen.

Under this situation, Liu Bei felt that for the people in Guanzhong, the easiest way to make a living was to learn a craft first.

…

Manna Hall.

Compared with Kong Ming and others' careful calculations, Li Shimin's handling of it was quite simple:

Send a copy of it to the Imperial Academy to offer wine, and ask for the results to be reviewed and reported accordingly.

Du Ruhui accepted the order with his hands raised.

After handling the matter, Li Shimin turned to look at Li Jing:

Martial arts matters cannot be neglected. The pharmacist still needs to take care of everything.

Li Jing also responded solemnly.

Seeing everyone in the Ganlu Hall lowering their heads and thinking, or whispering about the Song Dynasty's education laws, Li Shimin's face felt a little complacent, but after looking around, he found that no one was asking, so he had to say to the queen:

Does the queen know the shortcomings of education in the Song Dynasty?

I don't know, but Your Majesty has already noticed it?

Queen Changsun pretended to be surprised and said in amazement.

Li Shimin's eyebrows almost flew up immediately. Seeing Changsun Wuji and others looking up at him, he coughed lightly and said calmly:

It has been said before that the long-standing shortcomings of the Song Dynasty were the suppression of military power by culture. People at that time were proud of taking part in the imperial examinations and ashamed of defending the border and defending the country.

Queen Changsun was very cooperative, nodded and said: This is indeed true, but what does it have to do with education?

Of course it's related.

Speaking of this, Li Shimin became less interested in showing off and seemed to be in a bad mood:

No matter how we reform this education, students will still have to compete for fame in the imperial examination.

Advocating the classics but disdaining the Taoism, advocating literature but despising martial arts, this is the root of Song Dynasty's weakness.

Queen, why does Wang Anshi want to establish the Sanshe Dharma?

Queen Changsun understood after a little thought:

It should be combined with the method of dividing subjects, so that the students of Zhishi Zhai can be promoted to above Sanshe and enter official positions without going through the imperial examination. This can be called a good method.

It's a good law. Li Shimin nodded, and then seeing the change in Du Ruhui's face, he simply named him:

Since Ke Ming knows it, he might as well say it.

Du Ruhui did not refuse, but whispered:

Since we want to implement these three methods, we can infer that the imperial examinations in the Song Dynasty at that time had long-standing shortcomings that were difficult to correct.

And when Fan Zhongyan first established schools and reformed education, it was for the purpose of imperial examinations.

Therefore, the imperial examination and education in the Song Dynasty were integrated. If the disadvantages of the imperial examination were not eliminated, it would be difficult to say that this method of running schools was good.

But in the end, Du Ruhui was a little confused. They were still trying to perfect the imperial examination, but Song Dynasty actually ruined the imperial examination?

Fang Xuanling lowered his head and thought for a moment, shook his head and said:

All officials of the Song Dynasty came from the imperial examination. How can we reform the imperial examination system?

Changsun Wuji, who had been silent all this time, made a surprising statement:

Since it is difficult to change it, it is better to abolish it.

For a moment, everyone in the Ganlu Hall looked sideways.

[The last academic establishment in the Song Dynasty was during the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty.

In the second year after Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty ascended the throne, he changed the Yuan Dynasty to Chongning. Cai Jing invited tribute scholars to establish a school, and Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty approved it. Then he issued a series of edicts, and the establishment of a school in Chongning began.

According to the order of Song Huizong, all states and counties in the Northern Song Dynasty were required to establish official schools, and detailed KPI assessment definitions were given based on state and county specifications.

In the third year of Chongning, it was stipulated that the county schools in large counties should have at least 50 people, the middle counties should have 40 people, and the small counties should have 30 people, and the three-she law should be implemented from the county schools.

In this way, county students could be promoted to state schools, and state students could be admitted to imperial schools. One school network covered the entire Northern Song Dynasty.

In this case, Taixue naturally needed to be upgraded. According to the order of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, Taixue in Bianliang opened a new foreign school of Taixue, named it Piyong, and built a dormitory of 1872. Students who passed the imperial examination could After entering Piyong, it is no surprise that the Sanshe method is also implemented here, and you can eventually be promoted to the official Taixue.

At this point, the scale of scholarship established in Chongning has more than doubled that of the Shenzong period of the Song Dynasty, and has even far exceeded that of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Even Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty was not satisfied with this. He issued an edict to all states and counties to give Changping to the state and use the land for the county and required local governments to contribute funds to support official school students, which was called scholar-supporting fees.

Doesn’t it sound familiar? Can you believe it’s a little bit like compulsory education?

But what disappointed Song Huizong was that even though the state had been ordered to support students, the scholars at that time still focused on the imperial examinations instead of specialized schools.

The contradiction between the education system and the imperial examination system in Chongning became more and more acute.

So in the third year of Chongning, Song Huizong issued an edict:

The imperial examination was dismissed, and all those who had taken official positions returned to the school to pay tribute. 】