Sweep the World

The system of prefectures and counties has existed since the Warring States period. After the first emperor swept the eight wastes and six united the world, it was the first emperor who abolished the normal feudal state and emperor of the Warring States period for the Central Group, and fully adopted the system of prefectures and counties.

When Liu Bang established the Han Empire, although he was called the emperor, he was not the strongest. Even Han Xin's military strength at the time was much stronger than him, not to mention that some princes and kings such as Peng Yue continued to engage in the system of enfeoffment. .

In his later period, Liu Bang used various methods to destroy the princes of different surnames. Even Han Xin, who had been helping him, died at the hands of women. However, the Han Empire did not abolish the system of enfeoffment, but made the surnames not kings.

The enfeoffment system was contained in Liu Che's period, but he did not completely abolish the enfeoffment system, but used Tweet orders to continuously divide the princes and princes.

When Liu Xiu re-established the Han Empire, he was very sensible and did not arbitrarily divide the vassals of his ministers. He established a system of how many princes. These princes only had the right to profit but not the power to manage. However, the clan Liu surnamed continued to implement the faculty of the early Han Dynasty. Facts have also proved the usefulness of the clan division. How many times is the power of the prince surnamed Liu is not weak, waiting for the emperor to have no heirs to become a substitute, so that Jiangshan did not change his surname. (The clans of the Eastern Han Dynasty are all heirs to the throne)

Of course, Liu Yan would entrust his descendants to the king, and would also grant the appropriate entitlements. He considered issues such as the continuation of the Han Empire, but the local area would not choose land for entrustment.

Liu Yan also had a long-term thinking about whether the different surnames should be crowned kings. He concluded that there can be no kings with different surnames. It is not all worried that the family will be unstable if there are kings with different surnames. Which of those dynasties without kings of different surnames is true forever? Perish before it's time to perish.

The reason why Liu Yan does not intend to assign kings of different surnames is simple. Any country has its own rules, and the founding prince must be more cautious in the maintenance of the state system. Since it is called Han, it is very difficult to continue the policies of the pre-Han in certain systems. Is necessary.

Regardless of naming kings of different surnames, it is possible to entrust meritorious officials. Today, there are more than ten marquis in Han, but they are all Ting Hou.

Those pavilions of the Han Dynasty continued the policies of the Eastern Han Dynasty. There was no governance right but the right to profit. Not only the Eastern Han Dynasty, but also the subsequent dynasties were basically the same. Some dynasties gave the power to govern the towns, but it was rare.

After the Han family's old land is really fully restored, Liu Yan will choose land other than the "basic land" to give the princes, and then those lands will give the princes the right to govern. Not only the power of governance, he will also grant the power of taxation, enlistment, and military establishment, which will only restrict legislative power and diplomatic power.

The "basic disk" in Liu Yan's eyes is not the old land of the Han family in the Western Han or Eastern Han Dynasty, at least the territory of the Tian Dynasty, and even some areas will be included in the "basic disk", such as the Korean Peninsula and Novosibirsk. , All of Vietnam, all of the Wa Islands, all of Australia, and the Arab region of Central Asia.

Those regions that will be counted as "basic disk", some are strategically important, some are extremely rich in resources, and having those regions is tantamount to mastering the future.

Liu Yan will pay attention to the Indo-China Peninsula. He has his eyes on the Asan site for later generations. He just wants to use it as the first feast for carving up. Not only will he let the families go to have fun, but wait for the Han army to enter the Western Regions. When the Western Regions go south, the vassals can be entrusted by occupying the territory.

The territory of the Han Kingdom will become larger and larger, and how to divide the administrative regions needs to be cautious. As for the previous generations of China, the system of feudalization and prefectures and counties has been used too far, and the administrative unit of state will be added later.

If you look at the division of administrative regions in ancient China, you will find that they are all governed by a wide range. For example, a state pastoralist manages millions of square kilometers of land, and there are counties under the state pastoralist that each manage hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of land. A county magistrate will control tens of thousands of people.

In ancient times, under the county magistrate, there were county princes, and then the county lieutenants, and then there were six lieutenants, plus administrative staff such as wanderers, ranks, and husbands, and there were dozens of civil servants in county-level units. It is tens of thousands of people.

There are also townships under the county, and the township has three old men. There is a li in the countryside, and a lizheng is established. There is a pavilion under the inside, and a pavilion length is set up.

It can be said that in ancient times, a civil servant may have to deal with thousands of people. When the legal system was strict and local tycoons were not serious, the government order could naturally be issued to the lower level, but the facts also proved that the latter government only reached the county. Level, the place is controlled by the squire. Aviation Dream

In Liu Yan's memory, the Ming generation had the least power over local management. It was not that the emperor himself was stupid, but was slowly emptied by those so-called scholars, waiting to be retracted, and encountered unprecedented resistance.

In the Ming Dynasty, the county level stipulated how much tax was collected, and then the local squires helped to collect taxes from the people. The government set the amount of tax. Usually, when the squire collected taxes, several times the tax was added.

In addition, the Yuming generation can enjoy the privileges of not paying taxes and performing corvee after they have gained fame. While the squires imposed heavy taxes on the people, they also coerced and lured the people to include their land under the names of the squires. And to be a squire in the Ariake generation was actually all meritorious.

By the way, during the period of Zhu Yuanzhang, it was necessary to exempt talents from taxation, and tax exemption was also subject to land restrictions, but it was not necessary to become a Juren without paying taxes at all. Talents can be exempt from taxation. It is the unspoken rule of the scholars themselves that even the tax exemption limit is eliminated.

Liu Yan started by recruiting veterans to enter the countryside to become civil servants in order to buy the military spirit. The latter covers the care of disabled soldiers. Once he did it, he found it was helpful to control the countryside, so he implemented it for a long time.

Nowadays, as long as there are people living in Han, there are inevitably retired soldiers. They are flooded with various posts at the grassroots level, especially with the largest number of wandering soldiers. Due to the fact that there are not many scholars in Han, as long as they have knowledge, they have a high chance of being appointed as the magistrate of a certain county.

Even county magistrates can be appointed, and official positions such as county princes are even more important. This is also the most depressing point for some full-time civil servants.

However, then again, Han Guo did not stipulate that civilian officials could not be transferred to military positions, and only those who did not have confidence in themselves on the battlefield would be depressed. After all, it is now an era where there is no distinction between civil and military, as long as you have the ability to get on the horse and dismount the horse and you are not restricted.

Retired military personnel go to the countryside to become the grassroots. These people, who have more national and ethnic concepts than ordinary people, can exert a great influence on the people, and at the same time strengthen the state's control over the countryside. It is this group that is unhappy with some people. People limit their reach.

The inspection team has always arrived in Xiangguo, and Liu Yan is still thinking about how to determine the division of administrative regions. He moved into Miyagi and immediately summoned the ministers.

"There is a li above the pavilion, a township above the li, and a county above the township. This is the foundation of the system of prefectures and counties." Looking at the classics, you are no stranger to the system of prefectures and counties. A few words will give you an overview of the system of prefectures and counties. Later, I said: "The pre-Han is larger than the Qin territory. In the early days, there was a lack of local officials. Administrative power went down to the grassroots level, and later it was placed at the state level."

In the early Western Han Dynasty, the rule of doing nothing was carried out, which was to allow the development of the county and below, not to engage in frequent enlistment and corvee, and to maximize the people's recuperation. During the reigns of Emperor Xiaowen of the Han and Emperor Xiaojing of the Han, the Han Empire indeed recovered from the ruin of the hegemony period, as well as the subsequent elimination of the princes and the Lu family rebellion. The population also increased the fastest during that period.

Until Liu Che began to gather power, the countryside of the Han Empire was basically a happy garden where all kinds of rangers went wild, and the rangers in the country were much more useful than official personnel. For a tough emperor like Liu Che, it is of course not allowed. After several "strikes" against the rangers, it is considered that the control of the countryside is returned to the government.

By the way, the administrative unit "Zhou" was established during Liu Che's administration. The background was to strengthen centralization. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (106 BC), he pioneered the system of provincial governors and divided the country into thirteen supervisory areas. The name of the supervision area is named the state, and the highest official of a state is called the governor. In addition to the thirteen prefectures, there are seven counties of Sanfu (Jingzhao, Youfufeng, Zuofengyi), Sanhe (Hanoi, Henan, Hedong), and Hongnong. The so-called Sili Xiaowei Department is at the same level as the prefectures, and is directly under the Central Government, in charge of the areas near the capital, and together with 13 prefectures, it is called 14 prefectures.

Although the "state" was developed in the Western Han Dynasty, the state in the Western Han Dynasty is only a supervision area, not a real administrative area. The real administrative area is only at the county and county levels. The prefects of the county directly contact the central government and do not need to go through the state level.

It was not until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty that the state changed from a supervisory area to an administrative area, becoming a first-level administrative division above the county, forming a three-level system of state, county, and county. The whole country is still 13 states. This system lasted for about four hundred years. Leading the gods

Cai You’s use of the territory map to find Liu Yan was a matter of discussing with his colleagues. Before, he did a lot of historical materials review, not to mention communication. It is impossible not to know the historical background of the state becoming a real administrative region. .

The reason why the state became a real administrative district in the late Eastern Han Dynasty was after the Yellow Turban Rebellion, and the central authority fell to the bottom of history. The state has become an administrative region in the true sense, which is precisely the main reason behind the coexistence of the princes.

"The minister thinks that the jurisdiction of the state can be reduced and divided into more states." Sang Yu's suggestion is based on the premise that a certain state is not too strong. Seeing that Liu Yan was still listening attentively, he continued: "Or maybe two or three counties have one state?"

Liu Yan was very satisfied with the attitude of the ministers. In order to avoid over-expansion of local power, the administrative area must not be too large. It should be reduced as much as possible under a reasonable premise.

In fact, the range of the state continued to decrease during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Of course, the central government worried that the range of the state was too large and unstable. When Song (Liu Yu) and Wei (Northern Wei) confronted between the north and the south, the total number of north and south increased at that time. To nearly sixty states. By the end of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the number of prefectures had reached an exaggerated number of more than 300. In fact, the land of a prefecture at this time was not as large as the land of a prefecture of the Han Dynasty.

"Or, just abolish the state?" Xu Zheng saw everyone look over, and said with a grin: "Just restore to the secondary system of counties and counties in Qin Shi.

At that moment, Cai You and Sang Yu directly covered their foreheads with their hands, Yu Yi and others stared at each other, while Liu Yan was still expressionless.

Not to mention, when Yang Guang ruled the Sui Dynasty, the state was really abolished, and it was restored to the secondary system of counties and counties in the Qin Empire.

"Look at what I do?" Xu Zheng said naturally: "The prefecture was established in the late Han Dynasty, and a state and herdsmen were built to support their own soldiers. Only then did the princes' separatism and chaos after that. The ranch of the captives, don’t leave it behind and reproduce the chaos of the princes!"

At this moment, no one can say no matter how much, the state's jurisdiction is too large, and it is really a hidden danger.

Liu Yan thought of a solution, which is to separate the military from the administration, but in fact it still treats the symptoms rather than the root cause. He even knew that no matter how the administrative districts were divided, as long as the rulers were angry and complained, how to divide the administrative districts could not prevent the ambitious generation from increasing their strength. The system was to prevent that situation to the maximum extent.

Separation of military and administration now? It is really engaged in the separation of civil and military affairs. From now on, the Congwen will only be the Congwen, and the Congwen will be stuck on the Congwu. If there is peace for a long time, the status of the military commander will inevitably be lowered again and again. In the situation of Ming Dynasty, the civilian officials wantonly crawled on the heads of the generals to **** and pee. Don't blame the generals for not working hard, and even surrendered to the enemy country after the war.

If you want to maximize the centralization of power, you really don’t need the “state” as an administrative unit. In a true sense, it is indeed a good choice to restore the secondary system of counties and counties in the Qin Empire~www.wuxiamtl.com~The premise is that there are enough. Administrative staff.

Looking at the various dynasties and generations, it is true that the Qin Empire has the highest control over the country’s grassroots, but it is limited to enough administrative personnel loyal to the central government. Later, the six countries will be destroyed, and a large number of people from the six countries will become officials. Once they have nothing to do with the central government. Ownership, even the two-tier system of counties and counties, can't be played.

So, what kind of administrative district system Liu Yan should choose can minimize the risk, but in fact the most important thing is that officials and the people are not in harmony with the center.

[The subsequent dynasties narrowed the scope of the state successively, and even the abolition of the state level appeared. It must be reasonable to do so.] Liu Yan looked at Xu Zheng's one-to-many confrontation, while thinking: [Since it makes sense to abolish the administrative level of the state, it should be abolished. 】

To be honest, Liu Yan is still more accustomed to modern administrative divisions, but he knows that every era has its own system, and he can only use the losses suffered by countless ancestors as a lesson. He really can’t just apply it mechanically, otherwise he I am most accustomed to the modern military system, so why didn't I just move over?

Later, the controversy of the ministers came to a conclusion, that is, abolishing the administrative level of the state, but fell into the debate about whether to restore the secondary system of counties and counties in the Qin Empire.