Three Kingdoms

  Chapter 2523 Fanwen’s private goods

  The Western Regions is a shrinking Warring States.

  In general, it can be understood in this way.

  Warring States is a collective name for the chaotic situation after the Spring and Autumn Period. It is not really just the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period, just like the Western Regions are also a very general name.

  Start, you can start from the border of the Han Dynasty; stop, but there is no hard and fast standard.

  Before and after the Han Dynasty, because of the underdeveloped transportation, this kind of "international" communication was quite limited. In comparison, the Han Dynasty is the closest to the nomadic peoples in the north. Naturally, it is inevitable that the lid of the pot will touch the pot and the spoon, and fights from time to time. However, with these nomadic tribes or countries in the West, it can be said that they have little contact in the early stage and are far apart. , separated by the Huns at the beginning, unable to reach each other.

It was not until nearly half a century and five wars during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that relatively speaking, the hidden safety hazards in the northern frontier were eliminated within a certain period of time, and the conditions and foundations for opening up the Western Regions were established. The Western Regions conducts a thorough investigation of the countries in the Western Regions and uncovers the mystery of the Western Regions.

  At that time, Zhang Qian stated that there were thirty-six countries in the Western Regions.

  Whether Zhang Qian actually calculated it at that time, or what kind of standard he used as the unit of "country" is beyond the test. In the Western Han Dynasty, when it was not easy to refute rumors, well, it is not easy now. It is quite difficult for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to know whether Zhang Qian is telling the truth.

  In fact, history is developing and the situation is changing. The so-called thirty-six countries may only be the situation in a specific historical period. In fact, the wars between countries in the Western Regions have always been continuous, and the number and territory of countries cannot remain unchanged.

These so-called countries in the Western Regions range from large to small. The large ones are equivalent to provinces or cities in later generations, while the small ones have only one township or county, and some are even equivalent to a village. It's a bit of an exaggeration...

  This is Zhang Qian’s private goods mixed in the article handed over to Emperor Wu of Han at that time...

  The "country" of the Western Regions was translated by Zhang Qian. In the translation, the original meaning of the word "private goods" is taken out of context or intercepted and misinterpreted intentionally. Perhaps the Western Regions themselves did not have the name "country". At that time, the Western Regions might be called the Federation, or the Alliance, but there might also be a certain "country", but Zhang Qian changed them all to "country".

   Zhang Qian is undoubtedly a smart man.

  Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was not stupid either.

  So in the term "Thirty-six Kingdoms of the Western Regions", the two sides exchanged opinions in order to obtain the principles and policies that the great man should uphold.

  Zhang Qian kowtowed, resolutely, "Report to Your Majesty, there are indeed thirty-six countries in the Western Regions!" 』

  Your Majesty, let’s stop fighting, what about the Thirty-Six Kingdoms!

   Put your thoughts away, and stabilize the country first!

   Just ask His Majesty if you are afraid!

   Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty nodded, "Ai Qing has worked hard! Go down and rest first. 』

  I don't believe it!

  I haven’t played yet, no, I haven’t played enough!

   Send someone out again!

  Even if I don’t want to fight, I still want to toss about these countries in the Western Regions!

   As a result, Che Shiguo, who was closer to the big man, was the first to be unlucky. Cheshi Kingdom, or Gushi Kingdom, was indeed once the vanguard against the Han Dynasty, with the most stubborn stand and the most resolute attitude.

   Therefore, the spearhead was shot, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty first pointed the spearhead at the country. A policy of disintegration and division was adopted against them, and one dove regime after another was fostered. The hawks in the country have since lost power, and they are no longer able to launch a war of aggression against the big men.

  Now, Cheshi Kingdom is divided into four, Cheshi Front Kingdom, Cheshi Rear Kingdom, Cheshi Duwei Kingdom, Cheshi Houcheng Changguo...

   Then it currently occupies the fourth of the 17 countries in the Western Regions compiled by Guo Tu.

Ok.

   Count four.

   Wusun, fifth.

  Kyucha, Shanshan, Khotan, Shache, Shule, Wulei, Yanqi, Weixu, Xiaowan, Ronglu, and Laoqiang...

  If it is said that Zhang Qian’s private goods are to make Emperor Wu of the Han retreat in the face of difficulties, then what is the purpose of Guo Tu’s drastically reduced 17 countries?

  Combined with Guo Tu's own current situation, it can be roughly guessed...

  Guo Tu couldn't help taking a peek at Fei Qian, sweating slightly on his back.

  Thinking in my heart, could it be that my guess is wrong?

   How about adding a few more?

   Or should there be fewer?

"It should be a few countries, it should be a few countries, do not increase or decrease without authorization..." Fei Qian said slowly, as if he knew Guo Tu's thoughts, "The most important thing in translating and compiling is to seek "truth"... If it is public If you can’t do it, that’s all…”

  Guo Tu trembled, and quickly responded, "Your subordinate can do it, please rest assured, my lord!" 』

   Fei Qian nodded slightly, noncommittal.

In fact, Fei Qian is not very interested in whether the Western Regions are 17 countries or 36 countries, because perhaps for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the 36 countries of the Western Regions are the end of the world, but for Fei Qian, The Western Regions are just a transit point.

  So Guo Tu simply failed to figure out the focus of the current work of Zhuanyixuan.

  Guo Tu thought that Fei Qian was staring at the Western Regions, but Fei Qian had already set his sights further afield...

   Compared with Guo Tu's private goods, Fei Qian is more concerned about the translation of some books from Anxi and Daqin.

  After all, these are the aspects that need to be focused on by Fei Qian, and they are also the main purpose of establishing Yiyixuan.

  In life, the biggest fear is that there is no goal.

  Climbing the peak, there is still a goal of reaching the top, but when you reach the top of the mountain, you often feel "small world", and then feel that all the peaks are nothing more than that.

  It turned out that Mount Tai is actually the shortest, and the further west, the higher the mountain.

   Up to Everest.

   Above Everest, there is space, deep space, the universe...

  Orthodoxy, just pulled Confucius down from the throne of sages, and the correct solution...

   Zheng Xuan's progress cannot satisfy Fei Qian.

  Fei Qian walked slowly, skipping over a series of Western Region scrolls, parchment scrolls, wooden books, and stone slabs collected by Zhuanyixuan.

Guo Tu followed behind with a half-bent waist, explaining to Fei Qian how much effort and energy he spent collecting these things, and how reluctant those Fanbanghu people were. , of course, the most important thing is to show that the money spent by Fei Qian to translate Xuan is worth it!

   It is also to show that Guo Tu's work during this period of time has been fruitful!

   Regarding the collection of these things, Guo Tu did not understand Fei Qian's intention at all, but it did not prevent Guo Tu from carrying it out.

   Anyway, it's not my own money. Guo Tu even wondered if Fei Qian had some conspiracy, or whether he found clues to the former Qin Dynasty in these manuscripts written in the Western Regions?

   Or do you want to refer to the name of the next stage of the hegemony?

   Fei Qian nodded his head slightly, seemingly listening to Guo Tu's report, affirming his hard work in collecting documents during this period, but in fact Fei Qian focused more on finding some related philosophical things.

  A very interesting thing is that when Laozi, Confucius, Mozi, Xunzi and others flourished in the East, there were also Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, etc. in the West...

  It is very difficult to translate the articles of these big guys.

  On the one hand, books are difficult to obtain, and on the other hand, the thinking mode is different.

  Why did Fei Qian want to find philosophy first?

Because philosophy is abstract, it does not distinguish between the East and the West, it studies the origin and truth of the world, and the origin is simple, and the truth is universally applicable—so no matter the East or the West, the wisdom activities of all wise men will eventually sublimate to Philosophical pursuit.

  In this aspect, it is easier to achieve commonality.

And things like architecture or arithmetic are not unimportant, but they have to be moved a little later. After all, these books that are too professional are very rare in the current Han Dynasty, and even in the subsequent feudal dynasties. It is easy to be swept into the category of "exotic skills"...

  So only by solving the ideological problem first, other problems will be easy to handle.

  Ideology cannot be separated from philosophy.

A hundred schools of thought contend, Laozi, Confucius, Zhuangzi, Mozi, Xunzi, Hanfeizi, Guiguzi, etc., their theories are rich and varied, but one core idea is the same. It is a serious analysis of human beings, an exploration of the meaning of life and moral practice, and the most brilliant oriental philosophy.

This is understandable, but it also brings China a headache, that is, "idealism" is too prosperous, so that later generations will hear words like "how big the heart is, how big the stage is", "death and life have everything". Fate, wealth is in the sky" and other famous sayings.

  Although it is said that when there were hundreds of schools of thought, many people also had some explanations on the opposition between idealism and materialism, but unfortunately, most of them are biased towards idealism.

For example, Confucius said, "Those who are born to know are the best; those who learn to know are the second." , but at the same time, he also thinks that he is not that powerful, and he still needs to learn and know, so he has to learn more about external things, so as not to "learn without thinking, and think without learning, and you will be perilous". It can be said that he is the most Paradoxical idealism. But most Confucian scholars in later generations said, Mr. Kong, you are humble, you just know everything, you can guide everything, and you are just saying everything...

Mencius went a step further and believed that people should "return to themselves", that is, to explore their inner world, so as to expand their inherent conscience and energy, so as to reach the level of a sage who "knows without worrying, and can be able without learning". Pious idealism. The guy who followed Mencius in the later generations saw this and threw the book, oh my god, I’m still reading a fart, I know everything in my heart, I understand everything, I understand this too well, as for what to do Do, please go to my Secretary of State...

Lao Tzu, who was admired by Confucius, advocated abandoning learning and abandoning wisdom, and using the method of "quiet observation and profound viewing" to experience the invisible and nameless Tao, so as to reach the realm of the same mystery as the Tao of Heaven, and then "know the world without leaving home; Don't peep, know the way of heaven, it is the most mysterious idealism.

  As for the Zhuang Zhou who couldn’t tell whether he was a butterfly or Zhuang Zhou, he fell into skepticism and agnosticism, completely negating objectivity, which can be described as the most thorough idealism...

   Is there materialism in a hundred schools of thought?

   There are also.

   Mozi, Xunzi.

  But unfortunately, needless to say, Mozi, he was suppressed too much, and Xunzi's theory is contrary to Dong Zhongshu's "interaction between heaven and man"...

  『Heaven has permanence, it does not exist for Yao, and does not perish for Jie. 』

With just this sentence, Xunzi stood tall. He put forward the brilliant thought of "controlling the destiny and using it", thinking that instead of admiring the way of heaven as a very great thing, it is better to raise it as a kind of animal , control it. Instead of obeying nature and praising nature, why not grasp and control the law of nature's changes to take advantage of it?

  If one looks up to the sky and waits for its gift, why not adapt to the current situation, make the sky serve oneself, strengthen oneself, and defeat nature?

  "Son of Heaven" looked at it, is this okay?

   It is precisely because of this that Xunzi's status in the feudal dynasty has not been very high. At the same time, his speech has been tampered with and revised to meet the ruling needs of the feudal dynasty.

  Revere the way of heaven, but not be blindly afraid, strive for self-improvement, but not be blindly arrogant.

  This is what Fei Qian thinks a scholar should have, instead of emphasizing idealism one-sidedly.

Under the guidance of this kind of epistemology, Fei Qian repeatedly deliberated and thought about the history he knew. He found that since the Western Han Dynasty, the progress of Chinese civilization has slowed down significantly, especially the development of science. , and even affected the subsequent feudal dynasties, presenting a rather slow, even stagnant state, which must have been a big problem sometime in the Western Han Dynasty.

  The point of this big problem is Dong Zhongshu.

  The so-called "dismissing a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" is academic exclusion, political imprisonment, and even philosophical murder. In the name of Confucius and Mencius, Mo Xun was murdered. Since then, the mainstream of Chinese scholars and Confucian scholars has entered the stage of complete idealism, and there are occasional shouts of materialism, but they can't stir up too many waves.

"Response between heaven and man" is to consolidate the supremacy of "heaven". Since then, the people of China have closed their curiosity about heaven and earth. Instead, they are pursuing the words of the sage. Explore and expand the inherent conscience and good energy in your heart, maybe one day, you will understand the way of heaven, and then you can understand all the mysteries in this world, see through all disguises, master all knowledge, and everything in the world can be mastered...

  Just like most policies, laws and regulations have limitations and need to be revised and adjusted from time to time, Dong Zhongshu may not have a thousand years of evil intentions when formulating those theories, but those things he put forward should indeed be adjusted.

  The great theory of Qinglong Temple is serious first, and then correct explanation. Many people take turns to come to the stage, laying the groundwork step by step. In the end, they want to overthrow the "White Tiger View" and break the "imprisonment" brought by Dong Zhongshu!

  But this adjustment does not mean that Fei Qian alone has the final say.

  History has inertia.

Most of the people in the Han Dynasty were still illiterate, and most of the educated children of the gentry and the Confucian disciples came from several generations, more than a dozen generations followed the crooked path pointed out by Dong Zhongshu. Let me say that you have all gone wrong. Do these people believe in their parents and grandparents, or do they believe in Fei Qian?

   Therefore, there must be an "enemy".

  The reason why Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sought Dong Zhongshu back then was because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had vassal kings who were splitting up and Huns fighting against the autumn wind outside. Now, it is actually the same.

   There are many princes everywhere, the outside world, although the northern border and the western region are almost beaten by Fei Qian, but there are still west of the western region, south of the southern border, and the northern desert is cold...

  『Can there be many people? 』Fei Qian's gaze rested on a roll of parchment. A note was pasted on the parchment, which was the preliminary translation and its key points.

The foreign language documents collected in the first one or two batches are very messy, and at the same time, it is not sure what value they have. It may even be a certain person's account book or a record of a certain place, or a leisure story, like something Thousand and One Nights or something...

  Although Feiqian has been taught by the "washing in the gutter" of later generations, although the current Fanbang characters look a bit like ABC, they are not actually, and there are even characters that look like earthworms crawling, maybe Arabic characters? Fei Qian didn't quite understand either.

  But Fei Qian knew the name of the person, so after picking out a few similar parchment scrolls in Fanbang script, he saw this "man of many people", and seemed to have an inexplicable sense of familiarity...

  Then, Fei Qian picked it up.

  Han Li is written in a dignified manner with clear pen and ink. Of course, what is more important is that the "mark" on the outside of the sheepskin scroll reads, "It was collected from Hu merchants in the Western Regions, and it costs 20 gold." It is a record of the words of famous scholars in Taixi, whose name is unknown, and the sound class is "Ko Duo", so it is recorded as "Ko Duo Shi". Its words are like "Mingxue" and "Bianxue", which may be seen. 』

  『Can there be many people? ’ Fei Qian muttered in a low voice. How does it look like what brand of drink it is? Or is it the banner of a jet fast food restaurant?

Guo Tu on the side had bright eyes, seeing that Fei Qian seemed to be more interested in this "man of many people", he hurried forward and said: "I heard what Fanhu said, this volume is "not to be pointed out, not to be The meaning of "absolutely" is similar to the art of debate...』

  『Call the barbarian who understands this text...』 Fei Qian opened the parchment scroll, and the crooked characters inside looked a little familiar, but they were actually pieced together, but they didn't recognize them at all. Presumably Bangzi and Shorty felt almost the same mood when they saw the Chinese characters.

   Not long after, a bearded man came and wanted to kiss Feiqian's boots. Guo Tu's eyebrows and eyes twitched as he watched it. I don't know if he felt that he really couldn't bear to do such a thing, or why he didn't come to kiss Guo Tu's boots when he recruited this bearded man...

  『Can there be many people? 』Fei Qian confirmed.

  『&@%￥…』The Hu man rolled his tongue and muttered, and then explained in awkward Chinese.

  Hu people are obviously not very good at Chinese. Every time they say a word, they seem to have to stop, and the tone is weird, which makes people feel uncomfortable as if they are talking about "Onecarcome, Onecargo, Twocarpengpeng".

  Dan Fei hid in it, heard a familiar syllable, and asked again, muttering to himself for a long time in a low voice, a little stunned, and reconfirmed, but couldn't help but twitch his eyebrows and eyes.

   This is still a problem caused by Huaxia's habits.

  The name of a big man is two characters, and then add characters. The children of the gentry are not like this, so naturally they think that the person who wrote the book is also a gentry, and of course it is the syllable of two characters.

   But actually, it's a polysyllabic name.

If Fei Qian's guess is correct, this person who Guo Tu and others thought was called "Ke Duo" should actually be called "Aristotle". many"…

  Ghost knows.

  But Fei Qian knew that the guy who could adulterate with private goods was found.

  (end of this chapter)