Three Kingdoms

  Chapter 2525 Wind Power Water Power Animal Power

  In the new model of the Institute of Engineering made by Huang Chengyan, it is generally in accordance with the architectural style of the Han Dynasty, with flat squares and a graceful atmosphere.

  Engineering colleges naturally cultivate engineering bachelors, but this time, they want to train workers more.

  In any new ruling class that tries to replace the old class, it will package the interests of its own class as the interests of the whole, and Fiqian is of course no exception. But it cannot be said that this is wrong and cannot be packaged, but it depends on whether there is more room for the development of productivity in the society.

  Ma Dabeard can't decide everything, and Fei Qian can't decide everything, it can only plant seeds.

Obviously, the Han Dynasty was an agriculture-based society, and the agricultural population accounted for the majority. In such an environment, it would be contrary to productivity to completely disregard agriculture and engage in industry, and it would be impossible to promote any working class. This is very clear to Fei Qian. But he built a new engineering college, which has nothing to do with what class, because both agriculture and industry were ruled in the Han Dynasty, but the characteristics of the industrial population determined that it was easier to obtain more knowledge than the agricultural population.

  It is relatively concentrated, and it is easier to achieve specialization, just like the universal education promoted by Fiji's potential army.

   To put it simply, the current promotion of industrial development will, to a certain extent, make it easier to develop the wisdom of the people, and it is also more conducive to the improvement of productivity.

  Development, dialectics.

  The beauty of the first birth.

On the whole, the engineering college involved by Huang Chengyan is generally composed of four courtyards. The first courtyard is a vast teaching field, which is used for gatherings or lectures. Unexpectedly, it was Master Lu Ban Lu, and there were couplets boasting Lu Ban's meritorious deeds on both sides, which were pasted on red-painted pillars by small pieces of wood...

  Fei Qian clicked here, "Just add one more." 』

  Huang Chengyan blurted out, "Mozi? 』

   Fei Qian nodded.

  Huang Chengyan said: "I have thought about it a long time ago, but I am just worried that if I add it, it will cause criticism..."

  Lu Ban did not engage in politics, so Lu Ban was popular, but Mo Zi was not popular.

  Fei Qian pondered for a while, and said: "You can't cover everything, Mozi deserves this position." 』

  Huang Chengyan's eyes moved slightly, and he nodded.

On both sides of the entire teaching ground, there are two identical courtyards piled up on each other. Surrounding the corridor passage in the middle, there is a long series of teaching houses, pink tiles, and some fake trees made of twigs. spaced apart.

  Fei Qian also deliberately staggered some angles, lifted the roofs of these teaching houses, and saw that the inside is basically the same as the previous teaching houses, and it is a seating mode without a blackboard...

  『Let’s make some changes here too...』 Fei Qian clicked on the teaching dormitory, 『There are desks and stools for the students, and podiums, chairs and blackboards for the teachers...』

   It is somewhat similar to the classrooms of later generations, but there are more chairs for teachers. There is a back chair prepared, it is the teacher's own business whether the teacher does not sit, but if there is no one, it is impossible for the teacher to stand up and teach the students in the big man, and the students dare not sit and listen to the teacher standing up.

  『Stools and tables? ’ Huang Chengyan still had some concerns, “Will it be…”

  『No problem. ’ Fei Qian knew what Huang Chengyan was worried about, ‘It’s not that all of them should be changed, half of them should be changed...The teaching dormitory with wooden stools and desks is used to teach engineering skills, while the teaching dormitory for sitting seats is still the way of Confucianism...Father-in-law, you Think about it, the artisan's study, does the artisan who teaches the class have to get up often to see how these apprentices imitate the production? Do you have to go back and forth frequently? If it is a seat, stepping on it will make it even more unsightly, and it is not easy to clean up the wood chips and dust. In addition, getting up and sitting down will inevitably increase the cumbersomeness. It is better to use wooden stools and desks, which are easy to clean after class. 』

  『This is true. ”Huang Chengyan thought for a while, nodded and said yes, “My lord is very worried. 』

  The troubles mentioned by Fei Qian have indeed been encountered in the previous engineering colleges. Generally, when teaching Confucianism and culture courses, there is no problem with short seats, but when it comes to hands-on operations, classrooms in the seat mode are often a bit troublesome.

  Students had to sit on their knees, and the desks were inconvenient and unsuitable, and it was easy to cause some sawdust and gravel to fall on the seats, and then it was very troublesome to clean up the prepared seats.

   If the cleaning is not clean, someone's chrysanthemum will be stuck in the next class...

  If it is changed to a wooden floor with wooden stools and tables, then it will be done with a sweep, which is naturally more convenient and clean.

   Of course, something deeper is that cognition can be changed through daily life...

   There is no need to tell Lao Huang about this.

   Fei Qian also nodded slightly, and put back the roof of the teaching house model.

  Now it is only half of the reform. If the implementation is good and the impact will be great, maybe all the teaching dormitories will be required to be changed to the model of desks and stools.

  The Dahan continued to use the seat system, but because the productivity and means of production have not yet reached a certain level. After all, not all places have carpenters, iron nails and copper nails are still equivalent to money within a certain period of time, and the mortise and tenon structure of professional carpenters is not something that anyone can fix casually.

  So sitting under the curtain and using stone as a seat is a last resort, otherwise who would not want to make their legs and feet more comfortable and the chrysanthemum feel better?

  Now there is no need to follow the "old habit".

   To worship Mozi is to break some habits.

  Changing the classroom also breaks some habits.

   And such a "habit" is more like a circle, a kind of imprisonment.

   Come a little bit.

  After the two teaching buildings on the left and right, and going around to the rear, there is the office area and the dormitory of the teaching staff. At the same time, there are various small-scale practice workshops…

  One side is wood, gold, clay.

  The other side is silk, cloth, textile.

   Metallurgy, etc. that require fire are naturally located elsewhere.

  『This kind of workshop should be placed outside...』 Fei Qian pointed to those workshops and said, “Although there are workshops in the courtyard, it is convenient to travel, but there are many hidden dangers. Open flames are easy to guard against, but candles are difficult to control... These, in addition to kitchens and woodsheds, etc., build a smaller courtyard, pool and pavilion in the spare space, which is also convenient for professors and doctors to gather and relax on weekdays...』

   Huang Chengyan didn't hesitate to make this change, he just nodded in response, and then expressed that he would replace those professors, doctors, master craftsmen and thank Fei Qian for his arrangement. After all, in this way, the backyard is almost a comfortable place, and the treatment index has skyrocketed.

   Fei Qian waved his hand, then put the model aside, and asked Huang Chengyan about the improvement of some equipment.

  Fei Qian came to look for Huang Chengyan. In fact, looking at the model of this new engineering school is secondary. The seeds are arranged casually, mainly for the machine.

   Among them, the most important one is the machine for cotton.

  The production of cotton is gradually expanding, which makes Fei Qian must have corresponding machines to increase the efficiency of production. Originally, it might be possible to transfer manpower for other textiles, but if there is too much transfer, it will naturally affect the production of other fabrics.

   This is a contradiction, a contradiction that Fei Qian must resolve.

  There is hemp in China, and most of the cloth used by the Han Dynasty today is not cotton, but linen.

  Hemp is not equal to cotton, so it cannot be used universally.

  Cotton is also not equal to silk.

  But there is something in common, that is, these raw materials are not directly usable, they all need to be processed, and then turned into threads before they can become finished products.

The raw materials of silk and linen are silkworm cocoons and flax, but they cannot be used directly. Silkworm cocoons must be reeled to become raw silk for spinning silk; flax also needs to be soaked and broken, twisted together and spun into threads or yarns, so that they can be used to weave into cloth. Silk reeling requires a reeling machine, and spinning requires a spinning machine.

  Similarly, the cotton spinning machine is the machine that turns the cotton into yarn after it has been processed by rods, elastics, etc.

  Fei Qian knows that there is a kind of spinning machine in later generations, which is a three-spindle spinning wheel invented by Huang Daopo, which can spin three yarns at the same time. It is a very remarkable invention...

   Unfortunately, Fei Qian only knows its name, but not its craftsmanship.

  Although it is said that Huang Chengyan and Huang Daopo both have the surname Huang, they cannot be the same. It's like if they both have the surname Ma, one is Ma and the other is Ma, the attention is immediately different.

  What is placed in front of Feiqian now are the equipment models of various fabrics.

  From silk to cotton.

   There are relatively few equipment that belong to the ranks of cotton.

Cotton is a new thing for the big man. It is obviously unrealistic and economical to train apprentices from scratch to veterans. So Feiqian needs to expand the production of cotton cloth, so he must recruit craftsmen or veterans of other fabrics, that is, the current Feiqian Inevitable choice.

  Similarly, although other textile industries say that the textile principles are similar, transferring to cotton will save some trouble. But in other textile industries, it is not that simple to train a veteran.

   So, here's the dilemma.

  Because in the Qin and Han Dynasties, even if most of the processes such as spinning and reeling were mechanically involved, many of them needed to be done manually, which was completely different from the later generations who pressed a button and didn't care about anything.

   Unless it is possible to improve the equipment of other textile industries, or to invent a machine adapted to cotton.

  Take silk reeling, which has developed relatively well, as an example. The most advanced silk reeling machine at present is the hand-operated reeling car.

  Mechanism, to a certain extent, represents the stability of repetition.

  At the beginning, the reeling car was probably just a simple H-shaped wooden frame, which was simply used for winding.

   Later in the Warring States Period, it was improved into a pulley-style silk reeling wheel. The silk reeling wheel basically has the prototype of a hand-operated reeling cart. It is generally made of bamboo, with four or six corners, connected alternately with short spokes, and a shaft in the middle. When in use, it is placed on the reeling kettle, and it is pulled directly to make it rotate continuously. The silk strips drawn from the reeling kettle are directly Wrapped around the frame.

  After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the formed hand reeling cart appeared.

   This is a set of equipment that is very crude in the eyes of later generations, and it can even be said to be a very inconvenient model, but even so, it is considered the most advanced production tool in Dahan. The simple deconstruction of components such as stove, kettle, pan, eye, hook, etc. makes the output of silk thread have a certain stability in the continuous repetition, and relatively good silk thread can be obtained, which can enter the next production link.

Perhaps it is because of the backwardness of conditions in certain areas, or perhaps because of the indifference of the government to the handicraft industry. The hand reeling cart invented between the Qin and Han Dynasties was still in use in some places even in the Ming Dynasty, which makes people admire its vitality on the one hand. On the other hand, it really makes people feel that China's technological progress is really speechless.

  This hand reeling car, although simple, cannot be used by one person. To put it simply, most people cannot draw a square with one hand and a circle with one hand, and they have been repeating without making mistakes.

Generally speaking, two people are needed to ensure the orderly production of a hand reeling car. Otherwise, unless you are like an old naughty boy or a little dragon girl, you can make the spinning action with one hand and draw the circle with the other hand to make the winding. action…

   Fei Qian looked at the model of the hand reeling cart, turned it left and right, then sighed slightly, and said: "This is the current disadvantage. One person's power is limited after all. Even if you spend your whole life collecting and collecting by yourself, silk and thread, and scriptures, and all the links are extremely proficient, how many horses can you get? The new Institute of Technology, the word "new", should be born from then on. 』

  Huang Chengyan nodded.

  Perhaps among the many scholars of the older generation, only Huang Chengyan can understand the meaning of some of Fei Qian's actions. The strength of a country is multifaceted. It must have scriptures, armor and weapons, and even iron nails and threads.

The most important point is that the current territory of Feiqian, especially Guanzhong Sanfu, has a strong economy. The most important point is that there are more products than other regions. To improve, innovate, and use, so that more items can be produced under the same manpower, or even less manpower.

  Cao Cao, Xun Yu, and some Shandong people racked their brains and couldn't understand why Fei potential has so much money, and they couldn't understand why there was such a big difference in the same piece of land. In fact, it is very simple. In later generations, this has a proper term, "scissors difference".

  The price difference between industry and agriculture is huge.

The people of Shandong are obsessed with agricultural products such as grain, grass, Zhuanghe, etc., trying to pass on the economic mechanism of small farmers for thousands of years, but Feiqian has focused on the development of industry and commerce from the very beginning, and Feiqian is very clear that agriculture is the foundation, and only Energy is the foundation, not the whole of a society.

  It’s like people prefer to sit on mat chairs rather than chrysanthemums sticking to cold stones every day. When conditions permit, people will choose better ones.

  Cotton quilts and cotton gowns were undoubtedly the cheapest and most comfortable "mats or chairs" during the Little Ice Age.

  But increasing the manpower in this area will affect the output of other areas.

   Especially silk.

  Silk is equivalent to gold in the Western Regions, especially in the Hu merchants.

  In the same way, although Hu merchants don’t like linen, linen is something that almost all industries need, especially in the military, and it cannot be cut at will.

  So at the moment, we can only start with machinery.

  『Those great craftsmen of yours... have no ideas? Fei Qian put down the hand reeling cart model and asked Huang Chengyan.

  Huang Chengyan smiled wryly: "There are some, but they are not very practical..."

"tell me the story. ’ Fei Qian said while looking at other equipment.

  Huang Chengyan said: "In the beginning, some people wanted to use hydraulic power... As a result, there is a lot of mud and sand here, and the bearings are often stuck in mud... You know, my lord, this is different from those forged..."

   Fei Qian nodded silently.

Hydraulic sawing and hydraulic forging are not always sawing and forging, and the water wheel is put down when it is needed. On the one hand, the stress of the machine may not be able to withstand it continuously. On the other hand, whether it is a saw or an iron material , are not continuous, empty saws and empty hits are very hurt.

  The textile industry is different. The thread needs to be continuous. If it breaks, it means that many things have to be done again, so you can’t stop halfway when you start it...

"Later, some people said that wind power is used," Huang Chengyan sighed, "This wind power is less reliable than water power...Even if the wind is strong or small, just the wind direction... the bellows, it's better to use people directly... and later , Some people want to use animal power...the result is also not good, mules and donkeys are used to pull the mill, it doesn't matter whether it is light or heavy, but it is used to pull the thread...』

  Huang Chengyan smiled wryly and said, "So after making a big circle and coming back, I can only use human power..."

   Fei Qian also fell silent.

Although he said he didn't see it with his own eyes, Fei Qian heard Huang Chengyan talk about it, and he knew how many times of hope and disappointment he had experienced in the process. , How many times can an ordinary craftsman carry out improvements like this crafting equipment?

  Later generations of textile use electric, stable, convenient and fast energy to drive textile machines, and people work in three shifts while machines do not rest.

  Before electricity, it was steam. The boiling point of water is roughly fixed, so it can be effectively controlled...

   But the problem is that Feiqian currently has neither electricity nor a steam engine. Not to mention electricity, the steam engine is also something that can only be unlocked after materials science, metallurgy technology, manufacturing technology, etc. are up to standard. It does not mean that after you have coal, water, and steel, you can click the mouse and then automatically synthesize it.

  So, after going around and coming back, there is still no progress?

   So what to do? It is the right thing to train more apprentices. Apprentices, it is difficult to become a teacher every three to five years. Some of them may be hidden by the master on purpose, but there are more restrictions on their personal abilities, just like In later generations, there are also a large number of factory workers who do not want to continue their studies at all.

   This is very troublesome.

   Fei Qian frowned, thinking.

   At the beginning, Fei Qian may have looked at this problem too easily.

   This is inevitable after all. For Fei Qian, the memory of the big machinery factory in the later generations is too deep, which will affect Fei Qian to some extent, causing him to form an illusion accidentally, and now it is necessary to make up and correct it...

  Fei subconsciously inspected the various mechanical models on the table.

  There must be something that can be improved, Fei Qian believes this, but he couldn't find it for a while.

  Fei Qian closed his eyes, recalling the various fragments in his mind, suddenly a picture jumped out, and then flashed by.

Fei Qian searched for it, then turned back, and carefully looked at the hand reeling cart that he picked up first, turned it over and over for a long time, and suddenly caught the fragment that flashed by before, " This...if it is changed to...pedal method...』

  『Pedals? ! ’ Huang Chengyan first murmured and repeated, then clapped his hands and said, ‘Pedal! Yes, pedal! Why didn't I think of it? ! Pedal, haha, Pedal! 』

The shortcoming, or shortcoming, of the hand-operated reeling cart is that two people are required to cooperate. One person draws silk from the cocoon pot and continuously puts it on the thread head, and the other manually turns the reeling cart so that the silk thread can be wound on the reeling cart. If two people do not cooperate tacitly, if it is too fast or too slow, it will cause problems with the silk thread.

Now, if it is changed to pedals, it is just a small change in the rotation mode of the reeling car, so the weaver can control the speed by himself, step on faster when the spinning is smooth, and slow down when there are some problems, and his hands can be freed Come out to splice wire, which not only frees hands, but also doubles the labor force!

  『People! Go call Dagong! Ha ha! Pedal, Pedal! 』Huang Chengyan took the hand-operated reeling cart in Fei Qian's hand with one hand, and rushed out of the showroom in a hurry. Fei Qian threw it aside.

   Feiqian was stunned for a while, and then he couldn't help smiling when he saw Huang Chengyan and others who were fully engaged and even arguing loudly over some issues.

  This world is in the hands of such people, and with a little bit of improvement, it becomes stronger and better...

  (end of this chapter)