Wealth

Xi's internal energy and mineral resources. Basic divination is a preface, quick and witty, which has a lot to do with the lack of a special and effective management organization and supervision system.

At this point, Darfur has already come to the fore.

The United States promulgated and implemented the "Energy Policy and Conservation Act" as early as 1975, the core of which is energy security, energy conservation, and energy efficiency. In 1982, the National Electrical Products Energy Conservation Law was formulated to address the issue of energy efficiency of motor vehicles, which is a comprehensive legal text for the supply and use of energy.

In 1998, the "National Energy Comprehensive Strategy" was announced, which required improving the efficiency of the energy system and making more effective use of energy resources.

Its management organization is also quite large and effective. The US Department of Energy has the Bureau of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. It is the largest bureau in the ministry, with two integrated offices, the planning and budget office, and the management and operation office. There are five marketing departments and six regional offices, with a staffing of about 450 people.

In contrast, it can be seen that the domestic energy bureau has only about 30 people. What can it do? Could it be said that the domestic office efficiency can be higher than that of the United States? This is obviously unlikely.

In terms of public finances, the U.S. federal government's investment budget for energy conservation and new energy is also increasing year by year. It was 1.18 billion U.S. dollars in 2001 and increased to 1.31 billion U.S. dollars this year. Twenty-one states in the United States have established energy-saving public welfare funds, which mainly raise funds by raising electricity prices by about 2%.

The fund is managed by the public affairs committee of each state, and relevant departments and units can apply for and use the fund to carry out energy-saving activities.

As for the incentive policies are in place, there are cash subsidies, tax breaks and low interest payments.

Starting this year, the United States has decided to implement energy tax reduction and exemption policies for energy efficiency, alternative fuels, and renewable fuels in the next ten years. The tax reductions for new buildings and various energy-saving equipment are 10% or 20% respectively based on the determined energy efficiency indicators.

Last year, forty state-level government departments and public utilities in the United States provided a total of 130 million U.S. dollars to carry out cash subsidy projects. Encourage users to purchase energy-saving appliances and lighting products certified by "Energy Star". Encourage the promotion of acetol gasoline, and subsidize about US$200 per ton of ethanol.

The U.S. Department of Energy has great management powers. The Ministry of Energy is responsible for the formulation and implementation of energy efficiency standards and the implementation of a mandatory performance efficiency labeling system. Later, voluntary energy-saving certification (Energy Star) began to be implemented in 1992. The U.S. procurement law and several presidential decrees stipulate that the government must purchase "Energy Star" certified products. "Energy Star" indirectly becomes a mandatory government action and a technical barrier for foreign products to enter the US market.

The Federal Energy Management Office is responsible for the energy conservation of government agencies to ensure the achievement of energy conservation goals. The United States has issued thirteen presidential executive orders and two presidential memoranda in the past ten years. Specific provisions have been made on the energy-saving objectives, responsibilities, management, and procurement of government deductions.

In terms of energy-saving projects, more than 2,500 organizations have participated in the High-Efficiency Motor Challenge Program initiated by the U.S. Department of Energy since 1998. An alliance composed of two hundred equipment suppliers, agents, power companies and state governments has carried out publicity, training and information dissemination work to more than 30,000 end users.

Over the past twelve years, the US Environmental Protection Agency has implemented a green lighting program, established partnerships with more than 2,300 companies, power companies, non-profit organizations, and other groups, and invested more than one billion U.S. dollars in the promotion of high-efficiency lighting products.

All this shows that the efficient operation mode of the U.S. Department of Energy has had a great impact on American social life. On the other hand, the domestic energy bureau, whether they are basically the same, 30 people, expect them to be able to what to do? It is estimated that writing a summary of the work will have to ask the gunman to complete it.

In fact, the Americans are not the only ones taking the lead in energy. Countries such as France and Japan are also very active on this issue.

France’s "Energy Report for the Sub-Group" published in 1998 has outlined the French energy policy, liberalizing the electricity and natural gas markets, adjusting the transportation city planning to control consumption, taking measures to renew existing power plants, and at the same time Develop nuclear power plants and formulate energy taxation policies.

In terms of management agencies, the French government issued a decree in 1992 to establish a cross-departmental and relatively independent Environmental and Energy Control Agency, and set up representative offices in 26 administrative regions.

During the two thousand years, the French government increased energy conservation efforts, adding 200 staff to the Environment and Energy Control Agency, bringing the total to 900 staff, increasing the budget by one billion francs, and establishing 100 information and publicity points across the country.

The Environment and Energy Control Agency’s budget is about 3 billion francs, of which 500 million francs are used for renewable energy, 700 million francs for energy conservation, and 1.8 billion francs for environmental governance. These expenses support the environment and energy control agency’s funding through contracts. The representatives of institutions, research units, and enterprises conduct environmental and energy research, diagnosis and consulting, and project investment.

In terms of taxation, there are also preferential energy policies, such as vehicle fuel tax and new environmental pollution tax, income tax reduction and exemption for the installation of household insulation and heating equipment and high-efficiency boilers, and the implementation of a depreciation system for the second year of energy efficiency technology investment in the industrial field. Companies that do not levy commercial taxes to invest in energy conservation are exempt from tax on their profits from the use and leasing of energy-saving equipment.

Another very important measure is the effective management of key energy-consuming enterprises. The 1,500 energy-consuming units with annual energy consumption of more than 5,000 tons of standard oil are key energy-consuming enterprises, and the government requires them to make voluntary energy-saving guarantees. , And promote energy-saving measures to it through intermediary organizations.

In terms of energy audits, the Environment and Energy Control Agency arranges 20 major demonstration projects to carry out energy audits every year, and puts forward energy-saving renovation plans and recommendations. For major technology and process demonstration projects that are used for the first time, the finances will grant about 30% of the project funding and give preferential taxation.

The government's energy-saving publicity is mainly carried out through TV public service advertisements, publicity materials, and the establishment of public consultation telephones. The annual budget for energy-saving publicity is about 90 million francs.

Japan has gone one step earlier in energy control. In 1979, the Law on Reasonable Energy Use and Renewable Resources Utilization was promulgated and implemented. The core is to urge companies, mobile vehicles, and energy-consuming equipment to comply with stricter energy efficiency standards. Er delete "Long-term outlook for energy supply and demand in the past eight years" formulated in eight years. It emphasizes the use of stable energy-saving measures to control energy demand.

Japan’s energy conservation management work is under the responsibility of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. After the reform of the Japanese government in 2001, the energy conservation management agency was upgraded from the Energy Conservation Section of the Coal Department of the Ministry of Resources and Energy to the Ministry of Energy Conservation and New Energy. Fifteen people.

Although this number seems to be a little bit smaller, it should be noted that Japan’s population base is small. In addition, Japanese people are very hardworking when they work. It can be said that if the calculation is performed year-on-year, these sixty-five people. The effect that can be exerted is at least equivalent to the effect that the domestic energy bureau has an establishment of more than 2,000 people.

In terms of budget, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy’s fiscal budget for 2001 was 130 billion yen, and energy-saving and new energy was 52 billion yen. Subsidies are implemented for the promotion of energy-saving equipment and demonstration projects. The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry allocates 38 billion yen each year to subsidize household and building energy management systems and high-efficiency water heaters. Special depreciation and tax reductions and exemptions for the use of more than one hundred energy-saving equipment listed in the catalogue are implemented. The tax reductions and exemptions account for about 10% of the equipment purchase cost. Policy banks also provide low-interest loans for these projects to encourage energy-saving equipment. Promotion and application.

Regarding the management of key energy-consuming companies, Japan is obviously more cautious. They list more than 10,000 units with annual fuel consumption of 1,500 tons of standard oil or electricity consumption of more than 6 million kilowatt-hours as key energy-consuming companies and require full-time employees. Energy management personnel. Put forward specific requirements for factory heat, electricity and building heat loss, and report energy consumption to the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and relevant departments every year. If the energy-saving target cannot be completed on time and a reasonable improvement plan cannot be proposed, the competent department has the right to announce to the public, order it to make rectification within a time limit, and impose a fine.

In terms of government equipment energy efficiency standards and labeling, it has implemented a leading product energy efficiency benchmark system, formulated energy efficiency standards not lower than the best products on the market for automobiles and electrical products, and clarified the target year for implementation. In 1999, a mandatory performance and efficiency labeling system for automobiles, commercial and household appliances, etc., was implemented to facilitate consumers to compare the energy efficiency of products.

A large part of the data submitted by Fan Heng is derived from the original data collected by Fan’s intelligence department. Therefore, when the senior officials saw so many detailed data, they were a little surprised. The collection of economic information is far from reaching this level.

"How reliable are these data?" Someone expressed doubts.

For this question, Fan Heng answered very simply, "The economic intelligence agencies of the Fan Investment Group in countries around the world are actually one of the most effective intelligence agencies. The annual investment in this area is about 20 billion U.S. dollars. , At the most, 28 billion U.S. dollars

When everyone heard this, they didn't say anything. The 28 billion US dollars, if converted at the current exchange rate, is equivalent to an investment of 230 billion yuan, such a large investment. Just spending on collecting economic intelligence is really confusing.

One member of the Standing Committee said with some depression, "The domestic military expenditure last year was only 20 billion U.S. dollars. nbsp;nbsp;"

"Why does Fan have such a high investment in economic intelligence?" A committee member raised this question curiously.

Fan Heng spread his hands together and explained, "I don't know the specifics, but when I hear it, it seems that the consumption level in foreign countries is probably higher, and there are some specialized intelligence analysis departments that can transfer economic intelligence. And technical data, this aspect is also relatively expensive. With the current scale of the Fan's Investment Group's overseas intelligence department, there are probably more than thousands of people, and these people and their sources of intelligence are all supported by money.

So, if you count it all together, you probably have invested more than 20 billion U.S. dollars a year. "

Someone asked another question, "Fan’s net income from domestic companies is tens of billions of dollars a year, right? Such a large investment. Can you afford it?" Fan Heng replied, "According to what he said, Fan’s Basically, the investment in the country is not very important for return. It is mainly because of the big defects in some major industries in the country, so he has prepared some industries to make up for it. As for the majority of Fan's income, it mainly comes from overseas markets, such as financial and mineral resources, real estate, hotel industry and some other channels. "

"I take the liberty to ask, is Vice Premier Fan aware of Fan's revenue figures?" a committee member asked.

In fact, this is also something that everyone is more concerned about, because Fan’s Investment Group is a multinational consortium, and the number of shareholders is very small, mainly Fan Wuyao himself, and the proportions held by several other important executives are also very small. Moreover, the place of registration is overseas and there is no listing. Therefore, everyone has a second glance at Fan Investment Group's asset scale and profitability~www.wuxiamtl.com~ It is impossible to judge whether Fan Investment Group has. How much.

Although everyone knows the approximate size of Fan Investment Group’s domestic assets, and can calculate the annual income of Fan Investment Group in the domestic market through taxation, if a comprehensive evaluation of Fan Investment Group is required, it can be provided. There are too few reference resources.

If one can know the actual financial resources of Fan's Investment Group, I am afraid that only Fan Wuyi can know it.

Therefore, when Fan Heng answered this question, he said, "I don't know, I never ask my children about their personal income. This is their personal **."

However, Director Fan also added, "But it seems like the income in the overseas financial market last year. It is said that there are hundreds of billions of dollars. I don't know the specifics."

"Ah nbsp;nbsp;Ah" It is obvious that several committee members are planning to bump their heads on the table.

People are really maddening than people. With such a son as the backstage, what big scene can't be dealt with? It's no wonder that Fan Heng doesn't care about everything, and he can concentrate on his own business. It's really incomparable!