I Have a Store In the World of American Comics

Chapter 060

The temperature is so low that it can freeze with water or air or moisture in the body (blood) to form ice. Freezing can cause material to shatter, and it can be extremely cold. Fragmentable material quality and energy everything that threatens life can change the object's shape. Movement (motion) speed.

For a vacuum, the temperature is expressed as the ambient temperature, which is a manifestation of the average kinetic energy between molecules in the object under the vacuum environment.

Objects in different vacuums under the radiation of different heat sources, the temperature of the objects is different, this phenomenon is the vacuum environment temperature.

For example, objects in space closer to the sun have higher temperatures; objects in space farther from the sun have lower temperatures. This is the effect of solar radiation on the ambient temperature in space.

The temperature of a gas in the atmosphere is air temperature, a term commonly used in meteorology.

It is directly affected by insolation: the more insolation, the higher the temperature. The domestic temperature is expressed in degrees Celsius (°C).

The surface temperature mentioned by the meteorological department refers to the temperature in the louver box about 1.5m above the ground.

The main instrument used by meteorological stations to measure near-surface air temperature is actually a glass tube thermometer filled with mercury or alcohol.

Because the thermometer itself has a greater ability to absorb solar heat than air, the reading indicated by the sun is often higher than the actual temperature of the air around it, so when measuring the air temperature near the ground, the thermometer is usually placed about 1.5m above the ground. In a louvered box with ventilation on all sides.

The temperature at which absolute zero is the starting point for the calculation. The temperature of the triple point of water is precisely defined as the temperature obtained after 273.16K, which was also called the absolute temperature in the past.

The Kelvin temperature is commonly represented by the symbol K, and its unit is Kelvin, which is defined as 1/273.16 of the triple point temperature of water. The difference between the Kelvin temperature and the Celsius temperature that people are accustomed to use is a constant 273.15, which is =+273.15 (which is the symbol for Celsius).

For example, the triple point temperature of water in Celsius is 0.01°C, while in Kelvin it is 273.16K.

The difference between Kelvin temperature and Celsius temperature is that the starting point for calculating the temperature is different, that is, the zero point is different, and they are different from each other by a constant, which can be converted to each other.

The difference between the two should not be confused with the difference between thermodynamic temperature and temperature on the International Practical Scale, which is a difference of definition.

Thermodynamic temperature can be expressed as Kelvin temperature; similarly, international practical temperature scale temperature can also be expressed as Kelvin temperature.

Of course, they can also be expressed in Celsius.

So 1℃=274.15K, 0℃=273.15K.

Having said that, ice objects are ice objects, temperature control is temperature control, refrigerators, air conditioners, central air conditioners or refrigerators, air conditioners, and central air conditioners, what is the relationship between the three?

And this will involve refrigerators, air conditioners, and central air conditioners, but please rest assured, this will not discuss refrigerators, air conditioners, and central air conditioners in detail, but will discuss refrigeration.

Students who have dismantled, repaired, and installed refrigerators and air conditioners know that refrigerators, air conditioners, and central air conditioners themselves do not actually refrigerate, but the compressor responsible for refrigeration.

The refrigerant used in the compressor is Freon.

The raw materials for producing hydrogen fluoride are fluorite and sulfuric acid. The process requires catalysts, pressurized reactors, reactors and other modern instruments. It is very simple, but in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms, this is basically impossible.

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Back in 1800, a gifted Maryland farmer, Thomas More, found the right way.

At the time he owned a farm about 20 miles from Washington, where the village of George Town was the market center.

When he delivered butter to the market in a refrigerator of his own design, he found that customers would walk past the rapidly melting butter in competitor buckets and pay him more than the market price for it still fresh, tough and neatly cut. A pound of butter.

One of the benefits of his refrigerator, Moore said, is that farmers don't have to go to the market at night to keep their produce cold.

In 1822, the famous British physicist Faraday discovered that carbon dioxide, ammonia, chlorine and other gases will turn into liquids under pressurized conditions, and will become gases when the pressure is lowered.

In the process of changing from liquid to gas, it will absorb a lot of heat, causing the surrounding temperature to drop rapidly.

This discovery by Faraday provided a theoretical basis for later generations to invent artificial refrigeration technologies such as compressors.

The first artificial refrigeration compressor was invented by Harrison in 1851.

Harrison, the owner of Australia's "Geelong Advertiser", was cleaning type with ether when he found that ether had a strong cooling effect on metal.

Ether is a liquid with a very low boiling point, which is prone to evaporative endothermic phenomena.

Harrison developed a freezer using ether and a refrigerator pressure pump after research, and applied it to a brewery in Victoria, Australia, for cooling and cooling during winemaking.

After that, in 1873, German chemist and engineer Karl von Linde invented a refrigerator using fluorine as a refrigerant.

Linde uses a small steam engine to drive the compression system, so that ammonia is repeatedly compressed and evaporated to produce refrigeration.

Linde first applied his invention to the Sedoumar brewery in Wiesbaden, designing and manufacturing an industrial refrigerator.

Later, he improved industrial refrigerators. To miniaturize it, in 1879, the world's first artificially refrigerated domestic refrigerator was produced.

The steam-powered refrigerator was quickly put into production, and by 1891, 12,000 units had been sold in Germany and the United States.

But the first refrigerator with a motor driven compressor was invented in 1923 by Swedish engineers Brighton and Mendes.

An American company later bought their patents and in 1925 produced the first household refrigerators.

In the first refrigerators, the electric compressor and the refrigerator were separated. The latter was usually placed in the household's underground kiln or storage room, and was connected to the electric compressor through pipes. Later, the two were combined into one.

Because before the 1930s, most of the refrigerants used in refrigerators were unsafe, such as ether, ammonia, sulfuric acid, etc., or were flammable, corrosive, or irritating.

Later, I began to search for safer refrigerants, and UU read www.uukanshu.com and found Freon.

Freon is a non-toxic, non-corrosive, non-flammable fluorine compound. It soon became a refrigerant for various refrigeration equipment and has been used for more than 50 years.

But it was found that Freon has a damaging effect on the ozone layer of the earth's atmosphere. So people started looking for new and better refrigerants again.

What about the air conditioner?

Around 1700 BC, the Babylonians had invented an ancient air-conditioning system, which used the wind rods installed on the roof to pass the cool water and blow into the room with the natural wind from the outside, so that the people in the room felt cool.

In the 19th century, British scientist and inventor Michael Faraday discovered that compressing and liquefying a certain gas can freeze air. This phenomenon occurred when liquefied ammonia evaporated, but his idea was still theoretical at that time.

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To be continued

Chapter 061 How the Forecast Works