I Have a Store In the World of American Comics

Chapter 061 How It Works

In 1842, Florida physician John Gorrie built a new building with central air conditioning.

Alfred Wolff, an engineer in Hoboken, New Jersey, who helped design the new air-conditioning system and moved the technology from textile mills to commercial buildings, is credited with being one of the pioneers in making the work environment cooler.

In late 1902, the first modern, electrically powered air conditioning system was invented by Willis Carrier (1876-1950).

The difference between its design and Wolff's design is that it not only controls the temperature, but also controls the humidity of the air to improve the quality of the production process in a printing house in Buklin, New York.

This technology provides a low heat and humidity environment for more accurate alignment of paper area and ink.

Later, Carrier's technology began to be used in the workplace to improve production efficiency, and Carrier Engineering was established in 1915 to meet the surge in demand.

Under gradual development, air conditioning began to be used to improve comfort in homes and cars.

Sales of residential air conditioning systems didn't really take off until the 1950s.

Built in 1906, the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast, Northern Ireland, has special significance in architectural engineering and is known as the world's first air-conditioned building.

In 1906, Stuart W. Cramer of Charlotte, North Carolina, was looking for ways to increase the air humidity in his southern textile mills. Cramer named the technology air conditioning and patented it the same year as a replacement for water.

Water conditioning was a well-known procedure at the time, making the production of textiles easier.

He combined water vapor with ventilation systems to "regulate" and transform the air in the factory, controlling the vital humidity in textile mills.

Willis Carrier used this name and incorporated it into the name of the company he founded in 1907: "American Gallia Air Conditioning Company" (now Carrier).

In 1915, Carrier founded a company that was one of the largest air conditioning companies in the world.

But 20 years after the invention of the air conditioner, the enjoyment has always been the machine, not the human.

Until 1924, in a shopping mall in Detroit, many people fainted because of the hot weather, and three central air conditioners were first installed, which was a great success. The cool environment greatly increased people's consumption desire. As a powerful tool for businesses to attract customers, the era of air conditioners serving people has officially arrived.

Air conditioners are divided into single-cooling air conditioners and dual-purpose air conditioners. The working principle is the same. Most of the refrigerants generally used in air conditioners were Freon.

The characteristic of Freon is that it releases a lot of heat when it changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state.

When changing from liquid to gas, it absorbs a lot of heat. (that is, first absorb heat and vaporize and then liquefy and release heat) air conditioners are designed according to this principle.

The compressor compresses the gaseous refrigerant into a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and then sends it to the condenser (outdoor unit) for heat dissipation to become a normal temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant, so the outdoor unit blows out hot air.

Then it goes to the capillary tube and enters the evaporator (indoor unit). Because the space suddenly increases and the pressure decreases after the refrigerant reaches the evaporator from the capillary tube, the liquid refrigerant will vaporize and become a gaseous low-temperature refrigerant, thereby absorbing a large amount of Heat, the evaporator will become cold, the fan of the indoor unit blows the indoor air through the evaporator, so the indoor unit blows out the cold air.

When the water vapor in the air encounters the cold evaporator, it will condense into water droplets and flow out along the water pipe, which is why the air conditioner emits water.

When heating, there is a component called a four-way valve, which makes the flow direction of the refrigerant in the condenser and evaporator opposite to that when cooling, so when heating, the outdoor blows cold air, and the indoor unit blows hot air.

In fact, it is the principle of expelling heat when liquefying (from gas to liquid) and absorbing heat when vaporizing (from liquid to gas) learned in junior high school physics.

Central air conditioning refrigeration principle:

Liquid vaporization refrigeration utilizes the endothermic effect of liquid vaporization and the exothermic effect of condensation to achieve refrigeration. Liquid vaporizes to form vapor.

When the liquid (refrigerant working medium) is in a closed container, there is no other gas in the container except the liquid and the vapor generated by the liquid itself. The liquid and the vapor will reach equilibrium under a certain pressure. The gas is called saturated steam, the pressure is called saturation pressure, and the temperature is called saturation temperature.

At equilibrium, the liquid is no longer vaporized. At this time, if a part of the vapor is drawn out of the container, the liquid must continue to vaporize to generate a part of the vapor to maintain this balance.

When a liquid vaporizes, it absorbs heat, which is called the latent heat of vaporization.

The latent heat of vaporization comes from the object to be cooled, making the object to be cooled become cold.

In order for this process to continue, the steam must be continuously withdrawn from the vessel, condensed into a liquid and returned to the vessel.

If the steam extracted from the container is directly condensed into a liquid, the temperature of the cooling medium required is lower than the evaporation temperature of the liquid. We hope that the condensation of the steam will be carried out at normal temperature, so the pressure of the steam needs to be raised to the normal temperature. Saturation pressure.

The refrigerant will evaporate at low temperature and low pressure, resulting in a cooling effect; and condense at normal temperature and high pressure, releasing heat to the surrounding environment or cooling medium.

The steam is condensed at normal temperature and high pressure and becomes a high-pressure liquid, and its pressure needs to be reduced to the evaporation pressure before it can enter the container.

The liquid vaporization refrigeration cycle is composed of four processes: working medium vaporization, vapor boosting, high-pressure vapor condensation, and high-pressure liquid depressurization.

Central air conditioning heating principle:

The compressor **** the low-pressure gas and compresses it into high-temperature and high-pressure gas. The high-temperature gas passes through the heat exchanger to increase the water temperature, and at the same time, the high-temperature gas condenses into a liquid.

When the liquid enters the evaporator for evaporation ~www.wuxiamtl.com~ The evaporator must also have a heat exchange medium. According to the heat exchange medium, different models and structures of the machine are also different. The commonly used ones are air cooling and ground source. ) After the liquid passes through the evaporator, it becomes a low-pressure low-temperature gas, and the low-temperature gas is sucked into the compressor again for compression.

In this way, the circulating water on the air-conditioning side becomes hot water of about 45-55 degrees.

The hot water is sent to the room that needs to be heated through the pipeline, and the room is equipped with a fan coil unit to exchange heat between the hot water and the air to achieve the purpose of heating.

How the water system works:

The water-cooled central air conditioner consists of four major components, compressor, condenser, throttling device, and evaporator. The refrigerant circulates in the above four components in turn, and the refrigerant (refrigerant) from the compressor is high temperature and high pressure gas, which flows through the condenser. Cool down.

The condenser takes the heat to the cooling tower through the cooling water system for discharge, and the refrigerant continues to flow through the throttling device to become a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid, which flows through the evaporator, absorbs heat, and is compressed.

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To be continued

Chapter 062